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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On this Day 12/1/1779
11/24/2010 6:31:23 PM
General George Washington establishes winter quarters at Morristown, New Jersey
General George Washington's Army settles into a second season at Morristown, New Jersey. General Washington's personal circumstances improved dramatically as he moved into the Ford Mansion and was able to conduct his military business in the style of a proper Eighteenth Century gentlemen.
However, the worst winter of the 1700s coupled with the collapse of the colonial economy ensured misery for General Washington's under fed, poorly clothed and unpaid troops as they struggled for the next two months to construct their one thousand plus "log house city", from six hundred acres of New Jersey woodland.
Life was similarly bleak for the war-weary civilian population. With an economy weakened by war, household income declined forty percent. Farmers faced raids from the British troops and their Indian allies.
Merchants lost foreign trade. Even a great victory, such as the capture of British General John Burgoyne's Army in October, 1777, led to seven thousand eight hundred more mouths to feed.
As in 1776, the troops were eager to go home and many did. Although enlistment papers showed sixteen thousand men in General Washington's ranks, only three thousand six hundred men stood ready to accept his commands.
Even those remaining were unable to sustain combat since they lacked sufficient horses to move their artillery. With their currency rendered worthless, the Army relied upon requisitions from farmers to supply themselves.
Military-civilian relations strained under demands on farmers and shopkeepers to sell at a loss and because of the now-professional Army's disdain for civilians. Without paper money, Congress could not pay the Continental Army.
Without fair pay, farmers stopped planting. By spring, the Continental Army stood at risk of dissolution. The British Army faced a similar crisis. Civilians at home no longer shared British King George III's determination to keep the American colonies within the empire.
The British too suffered from lost trade and increased debt endemic to war. To fill the Royal Army, the Crown had to tolerate Catholics, which engendered religious violence. The war of attrition was quickly becoming one of contrition for both sides.
(K) (HST)
George Washington American Genersl
President - USA
John Burgoyne British General
George III King of Great Britain
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