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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 4/13/1777
5/11/2011 8:17:39 PM
British attack at Bound Brook, New Jersey
During the early morning hours, General Lord Charles Cornwallis led four thousand British troops and Hessian mercenaries in a surprise attack on a small Garrison of American troops in the village of Bound Brook in central New Jersey. General Cornwallis's decision to launch the four-column attack at daybreak caught American Major General Benjamin Lincoln and the Continental Army completely by surprise.
The Americans were unable to launch a counterattack. Surprised and outnumbered, General Lincoln ordered his troops to retreat and was able to escape along with most of his five hundred troops. General Lincoln's losses totaled sixty men killed or captured.
The British also captured several cannons and nearly all of General Lincoln's artillery detachment, which they took with them, returning to their camp at New Brunswick. Hessian Mercenaries were critical to the British victory. Hessian Johann Ewald, Captain of the elite Lieb Jaeger Korps. developed the successful four-column strategy at General Cornwallis's request.
Johann Ewald's diary is the major source of information regarding the ensuing battle. Captain Ewald was so respected by his colonial counterparts that General Henry Knox invited Captain Ewald to West Point, New York after General Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia on October 17, 1781.
Captain Ewald would eventually publish eight books on military strategy, including a "Treatise on Partisan Warfare", published in 1785, which earned the praise of Prussia's Frederick the Great.
Since the British chose not to stay in Bound Brook, New Jersey, the Continental Army re-occupied the village under Major General Nathanael Greene. Ultimately though, General George Washington decided that it would be easier to defend Bound Brook, New Jersey from a loftier vantage point, moving troops to the Watchung Mountains in north central New Jersey.
(K) (HST)
Lord Charles Cornwallis British General
Benjamin Lincoln American General
Johann Ewald Hessian Mercenary Captain
Henry Knox American General
Frederick the Great King of Prussia
Nathanael Greene American Major General
George Washington American General
President, USA
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