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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 7/14/1798
7/17/2011 5:03:16 PM
"Alien and Sedition Act" becomes Federal law
One of the most egregious breaches of the United States Constitution in history becomes Federal law when Congress passes the "Alien and Sedition Act", engangering liberty in the fragile new nation.
While the United States engaged in Naval hostilities with Revolutionary France, known as the "Quasi-War", Alexander Hamilton and congressional Federalists took advantage of the public's wartime fears, drafted and passed the "Alien and Sedition Acts", without first consulting President John Adams.
The first three acts took aim at the rights of immigrants. The period of residency required before immigrants could apply for citzenship was extended from five years to fourteen years, and the President gained the power to detain and deport those he deemed enemies.
President John Adams never took advantage of his newfound ability to deny rights to immigrants. However, the fourth act, the "Sedition Act" was put into practice and became a black mark on the nation's reputation. In direct violation of the Constitution's guarantee of freedom of speech, the "Alien and Sedition Act" permitted the prosecution of individuals who voiced or printed what the government deemed to be malicious remarks about the President of Government of the United States.
Fourteen Republicans, mainly journalists were prosecuted and some imprisoned under the act. In opposition to the "Alien and Sedition Act" Thomas Jefferson and James Madison drafted the "Virginia and Kentucky REsolve" declaring the acts to be a violation of the First Amendment and the Tenth Amendment. President John Adams, appalled at where Alexander Hamilton and the congressional Federalists were leading the country under the guise of wartime crisis, tried to end the undeclared war with France to undercut their efforts.
President John Adams threatened to resign from the Presidency and leave the Federalists with Republican Vice President Thomas Jefferson if they did not heed his call for peace. President John Adams succeeded in quashing Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist's schemes, but ended any hope of his own re-election in the process.
(K) (HST)
Alexander Hamilton American Patriot
John Adams President, USA
Thomas Jefferson President, USA
James Madison President, USA
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