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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 4/19/1775
5/13/2011 6:15:34 PM
The "American Revolution" begins
In the early evening of April 19, 1775 seven hundred British troops on a mission to capture Patriot leaders and seize a Patriot arsenal, march into Lexington, Massachusetts to find seventy-seven militiamen under Captain John Parker waiting for them on the town's common green. British Major John Pitcairn ordered the outnumbered American Patriots to disperse, and after a moment's hesitation the American Patriots began to drift off the green.
Suddenly, "the shot heard around the world" was fired from an undetermined gun, and a cloud of musket smoke soon covered the green. When the brief "Battle of Lexington" ended, eight American Patriots lay dead and ten other American Patriots were wounded. Only one British soldier was injured, but the "American Revolution" had begun.
By 1775, tension between the American colonists and the British government approached the breaking point, especially in Massachusetts where Patriot leaders formed a shadow revolutionary government and trained militias to prepare for armed conflict with the British troops occupying Boston, Massachusetts.
In the spring of 1775, General Thomas Gage, the British Royal Governor of Massachusetts received instructions from England to seize all stores of weapons and gunpowder accessible to the American Patriot insurgents. On April 18, 1775, General Gage ordered British troops to march against the Patriot arsenal at Concord, Massachusetts and capture Patriot leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock, known to be hiding in Lexington, Massachusetts.
The Boston Patriots had been preparing for such a military action by the British for some time, and upon learning of the British plans, Patriots Paul Revere and William Dawes were ordered to set out to rouse the militiamen and warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock. When the British troops arrived in Lexington, Massachusetts Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Paul Revere had already fled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a group of militiamen were waiting.
The American Patriots were routed within minutes, but warfare had begun, leading to calls to arms across the Massachusetts countryside. When the British troops reached Concord, Massachusetts they found themselves encircled by hundreds of armed Patriots. They managed to destroy the military supplies the American Patriots had collected, but were soon advanced against by a gang of militiamen who inflicted numerous casualties.
Lieutenant Colonel Frances Smith, the overall commander of the British troops, ordered his men to return to Boston, Massachusetts without directly engaging the American Patriots. As the British troops retraced their sixteen-mile journey, their lines were constantly beset by Patriot marksmen firing at them Indian-style from behind trees, rocks, and stone walls.
At Lexington, Massachusetts Captain John Parker's militia had its revenge, killing several British troops as the Red Coats hastily marched through his town. By the time the British troops finally reached the safety of Boston, Massachusetts, nearly three hundred British troops had been killed, wounded, or were missing in action. The American Patriots suffered fewer than one hundred casualties.
The "Battle of Lexington" and the "Battle of Concord" were the first battles of the "American Revolution", a conflict that would escalate from a colonial uprising into a World War that seven years later, would give birth to the "Independent" United States of America.
(K) (HST)
John Parker American Captain
John Pitcairn British Major
Thomas Gage British General
Royal Governor of Massachusetts
Samuel Adams American Patriot
John Hancock American Patriot
Paul Revere American Patriot
William Dawes American Patriot
Francis Smith British Lieutenant Colonel
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