The simplest type of blood spatter analysis is to determine whether there is a spatter of transfer. Spatters are created when blood is met by force, and travels through the air until it either stops and drops, or it lands on any surface. Transfers occur when a blood stain comes in direct contact with a surface, ex., a wipe pattern that indicates something was dragged through the blood.
* Impact Spatters are a random pattern of blood spatter of varying sizes
LOW FORCE (VELOCITY) IMPACT SPATTER
Blood that falls directly to the floor from and open wound will create a larger, circular spatter with a maximum of approximately 4mm or more in diameter. As the distance away from the surface increases, the size of the low force impact spatter will increase.
MEDIUM FORCE (VELOCITY) IMPACT SPATTER
This type of blood spatter is produced with more energy of force than gravity. The force of the impact causes the larger portions of blood to break into smaller sized spatters, and is usually prevelant at crime scenes depicting blunt force, and/or stabbings.
HIGH FORCE (VELOCITY) IMPACT SPATTER
Blood spatter to a surface is usually smaller in diameter and more spread out, which is commonly associated with gunshots, explosions, and high speed collisions. Blood spatter can be associated more with a "mist like" appearance.
It is important to point out that the term "Velocity" does not refer to the speed at which the blood is traveling, but is used to describe or measure the amount of force that is applied to the blood in order to cause the blood to spatter.
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