Excess toxicity due to oxygen deficiency during natural submergence or flash flooding poses a potential hazard. Oxygen is essential of being alive for all the aerobic organisms. On the other hand, though the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect both positive and negative roles, or that the ROS acts as an oxidative molecule, yet it does have enough potential to cause toxicity in plants, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) treated as semi-aquatic plant and is adapted to survive submergence for a considerable period of time. Further, rice can withstand submergence stress either by its inherent metabolic adaptations or by keeping its leaves above the water surface by continuously elongating the stem. The present work intends to review the physiological and biochemical adaptations of rice plants on re-oxygenation or re-aeration after the submergence stress.
