Description
During the Cold War, Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty broadcast uncensored news and commentary to people living in communist nations. As critical elements of the CIA’s early covert activities against communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the Munich-based stations drew a large audience despite efforts to jam the broadcasts and ban citizens from listening to them.
This history of the stations in the Cold War era reveals the perils their staff faced from the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Romania and other communist states.
It recounts in detail the murder of writer Georgi Markov, the 1981 bombing of the stations by “Carlos the Jackal,” infiltration by KGB agent Oleg Tumanov and other events. Appendices include security reports, letters between Carlos the Jackal and German terrorist Johannes Weinrich and other documents, many of which have never been published.
Table of Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
Preface 1
1. Intelligence Underpinnings of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty 5
2. The 1950s: When the Cold War Was Hot 34
3. Piccadilly versus the Tramp: The Murder of Georgi Markov 58
4. Carlos the Jackal and the Bombing of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 92
5. Revenge of the Chief Architect: Ceausescu’s War Against Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 122
6. Code Name Iago: The Murder Attempts on Emil Georgeseu 146
7. Aggression in the Ether: Oleg Tumanov and Other KGB Agents 171
8. Alpha, Waves, and Hornets 198
Appendix A: East German Intelligence Report on Carlos 219
Appendix B: Action Plan in Noel Bernard’s Case, Code Name the Jackal 229
Appendix C: Detailed Plan Used to Bomb RFE/RL 234
Appendix D: Letter from Carlos to Johannes Weinrich 237
Appendix E: Stasi Report on “Separat” 239
Appendix F: Letter from Johannes Weinrich to Carlos 243
Appendix G: West German Annual Report Excerpts 254
Appendix H: 1992 SRI Report to RFE/RL 256
Appendix I: 1985 Romanian Ether Report 259
Appendix J: 1976 Joint Action Plan Against RFE/RL 264
Appendix K: Selected Summary of Threats, Intimidations, Contacts, Intelligence Cases and Notes 269
Chapter Notes 287
Bibliography 297
Index 301
