This book relates the untold story of the travails of New England during the second war with Great Britain, from the well-organized antiwar campaign to the courageous resistance of enemy incursions.
New England's unique role in the nation's first declared war has never been examined in its entirety and pulled together in one place. The region played important multiple and contradictory roles in the war against Great Britain. Much of the financing and a substantial portion of the army and navy came from New England. The vice president and the secretary of war hailed from Massachusetts. Yet a majority of New England's merchants, clergymen, and editors opposed the war, at times in ways that appeared treasonous. The governors of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Vermont defiantly refused to cooperate with the national government, and most congressmen from New England voted against the declaration of war and otherwise tried to thwart the administration's efforts. Eastport became an international smuggling center, eastern Maine fell into the hands of the British, and Nantucket entered into a neutrality agreement with the enemy. Towards the end of the war, the infamous Hartford Convention met to consider the beleaguered region's alternatives.
Significantly, every argument made in support of or in opposition to the current war in Iraq appeared for or against the War of 1812. Even the weapons of mass destruction argument has its earlier counterpart. The American antiwar movement traces its roots to New England in this period.
Politics, embargoes, smuggling, impressment, privateering, enemy raids, and heroic sea fights make up much of the story. The overall tale includes ample bravery and chivalry and virtue and triumph.
Excerpt
"At twenty minutes after 3, P.M.," according to U.S, Lieutenant Edward R. McCall, "when within half pistol shot," the fight began. The British gave three cheers and fired their starboard broadside. The Americans returned three cheers and a larboard broadside. In the opening moments, Captain Blyth moved to rally his gunners in the face of a fusillade of cannon shot. "Great God, what shots!" he exclaimed just as an 18-pound ball struck him dead. Within moments, Burrows suffered a mortal wound. While helping his men run out a carronade, he propped a leg against the bulwark, and a musket ball hit his thigh and ripped into his body. Burrows dropped to the deck, but refused to be carried below. The surgeon, Dr. Bailey Washington, made the critically wounded captain as comfortable as possible, but could do little more. As the battle raged, Burrows repeatedly admonished, "Don't give up the ship! We'll take her yet."
The management of the Enterprise devolved on McCall, and after about 15 minutes of pounding away, he began to maneuver. Lieutenant David McGrery now commanded the Boxer. The American "ranged ahead, rounded to on the starboard tack, and raked the Boxer with the starboard guns." Then, setting her foresail, she moved to the Briton's starboard bow and raked her some more. By 3:45 p.m., the Boxer, according to McGrery, was a "complete wreck; all the Braces and Rigging shot away, the Main top Mast and top gallt. Mast hanging over the side, Fore and MainMasts nearly gone, and totally unmanageable; with only our Quarter Deck Guns manned; Three feet water in the hold; No Surgeon to attend the Wounded . . . ."
The flags on the mainmast were shot away, and the Englishman's colors remained nailed to the foremast; "but his tongue was not fastended and he called for quarters...." The fight took 30 minuetes. McGrery came over and offered Blyth's sword to McCall. The American officer declined the offer, and said Burrows, still living, deserved the honor. The two lieutenants went aft where Burrows lay bleeding to death. On receiving the sword, he said, "I am satisfied, I die contented." In his last act, Burrows directed McCall to send Blyth's sword to the Blyth family. The Enterprise captain died eight hours later as the two ships struggled to make Portland.
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