Professor Pitirim Sorokin edited and contributed an article to Forms and Techniques of Altruistic and Spiritual Growth (Boston: Beacon, 1954), a Symposium of the Harvard Research Center in Creative Altruism. In his introduction to the Symposium, the professor of sociology defined 'altruism' as the standard of conduct stated in the Sermon on the Mount, and 'spiritual' as the identification of a person's true being with a supra-conscious, ineffable being, an identification that makes the body and mind an instrument of the immortal self. Various essays in the symposium discussed the techniques of Yoga, Sufism, Islam, Christianity, Zen, and others, the scientific significance of those techniques, and provided scientific methods for converting enemies to friends. In his own article, 'Dynamics of Interpersonal Friendship and Enmity', Professor Sorokin discussed his empirical social study of friends and enemies, concluding that the best way to make friends and overcome enmity is by doing Good Deeds. He claimed that Good Deeds are more effective than words, counseling, preaching, and psychoanalysis: "The prescriptions of the Sermon on the Mount for transformation of enemies into friends are scientifically valid; they are not merely preaching of noble precepts, but the most effective scientific techniques for the purpose."