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                 For many social science fields, theory has been its foundation. Theory helps provide professionals with structure for their practices by providing guidance on how to work with individuals, groups, families and communities. There are many theories that help provide a foundation for social work, psychology, and sociology, which includes social-cultural, humanistic, existential, psychodynamic, object relations, behavioral, cognitive, and family theories. Within this paper, you will find a brief overview of these theories including its proponents, origin of distress, major assumptions, the professional’s role, and the major techniques utilized in practice. These theories are the foundation of social work practice. They currently serve as a foundation for new theoretical frameworks that are being developed today.