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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 11/1/1765
10/21/2010 7:10:47 PM

British Parliament enacts the "Stamp Act"

In the face of widespread opposition in the American colonies, British Parliament enacts the "Stamp Act", a taxation measure designed to raise revenue for British military operations in America.

Defense of the American colonies in the "French and Indian War" (1754 - 1763) and "Pontiac's Rebellion" (1763 - 1764) were costly affairs for Great Britain and Prime Minister George Grenville hoped to recover some of those costs by taxing the American colonists.

In 1764, the "Sugar Act" was enacted, putting a high duty on refined sugar. Although resented, the "Sugar Act" tax was hidden in the cost of import duties, and most colonists accepted it.

The "Stamp Act" however, was a direct tax on the colonists and led to an uproar in America over an issue that was to be a major cause of the "American Revolution":

"Taxation Without Representation"

Passed without debate by Parliament in March 1765, the "Stamp Act" was designed to force American colonists to use special stamped paper in the printing of newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, and playing cards, and to have a stamp embossed on all commercial and legal papers.

The "Stamp Act" itself displayed an image of a Tudor rose framed by the word "America" and the French phrase:

"Honi soit qui mal y pense"
"Shame to him that thinks evil of it."

Outrage was immediate. Massachusetts politician Samuel Adams organized the secret "Sons of Liberty" organization to plan protests against the measure, and the Virginia legislature and other colonial assemblies passed resolutions opposing the "Stamp Act."

In October, 1765 nine colonies sent representatives to New York to attend a "Stamp Act Congress" whre resolutions of "rights and grievances" were framed and sent to Parliament and King George III. Despite this opposition, the "Stamp Act" was enacted on November 1, 1765.

The American colonists greeted the arrival of the stamps with violence and economic retaliation. A general boycott of British goods began, and the "Sons of Liberty" staged attacks on the customhouses and homes of tax collectors in Boston, Massachusetts.

After months of protest and economic turmoil, and an appeal by Benjamin Franklin before the British House of Commons. Parliament voted to repeal the "Stamp Act" in March 1766. However, the same day, Parliament passed the "Declaratory Acts", asserting that the British government had free and total legislative power over the American colonies.

Parliament would again attempt to force unpopular taxation measures on the American colonies in the late 1760s, leading to a steady deterioration in British American relations that culminated in the outbreak of the "American Revolution" in 1775.

(K) (HST)

George Grenville Prime Minister, Great Britain
Samuel Adams American Patriot
George III King of Great Britain
Benjamin Franklin American Patriot

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