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On This Day 5/5/1776
5/25/2011 5:53:42 PM

British Lieutenant General Henry Clinton excludes Brigadier General Robert Howe and Patriot Cornelius Harnett from amnesty offer

In North Carolina, British Lieutenant General Henry Clinton issues a proclamation denouncing the Patriots "wicked rebellion" and recommending that the inhabitants of North Carolina return their allegiance to King George III. Lieutenant General Clinton offered full pardon to all persons, except Continental Army Bridadier General Robert Howe and North Carolina Patriot Cornelius Harnett.

Brigadier General Howe had angered the British with his defeat of Virginia's Royal Governor, Lord Dunmore of Colonial Williamsburg, at the "Battle of Great Bridge" the previous December, a victory for which he earned a promotion from Colonel of the Second North Carolina Regiment to Brigadier General of the Continental Army and was given command of the Army's Southern Department.

Brigadier General Howe's father was a prominent North Carolina planter, who sent Brigadier General Howe to England for his education. Brigadier General Howe returned to North Carolina and won election to the Colonial Assembly in 1764, the year in which the "Sugar Act" tightened imperial regulation on colonial trade and began raising colonial ire.

Brigadier General Howe served with the North Carolina Militia from 1766 to 1775 engaging in Governor William Tryon's forays to end the backcountry Regulators vigalante violence against corrupt officials. In 1775, North Carolina elected Brigadier General Howe to the Provincial Congress established in protest against British policy.

Cornelius Harnett was also a native of North Carolina and a committed patriot. Cornelius Harnett was a member of the Colonial Assembly from 1754 to 1755, serving part of that time with Brigadier General Howe. During the "Stamp Act" crisis of 1765 - 1766, Cornelius Harnett was chairman of North Carolina's branch of the radical anti-imperial political association, the Sons of Liberty.

He continued his revolutionary work serving on the Committee of Correspondence with representatives of other concerned colonists in 1773 and 1774 and serving as Chairman of the Wilmington Committee of Safety from 1774 to 1775. After North Carolina established a Provincial Congress
and served as President of the Fifth Congress.

His role as President of the Provincial Council from 1775 to 1776 made him the first Chief Executive of North Carolina's first independent government. Cornelius Harnett died April 28, 1781,while in British custody following his capture during the British occupation of Wilmington. Brigadier General Robert Howe survived the "American Revolution", but sunk into tremendous debt and disrepute, with a reputation as a womanizing scoundrel. Brigadier General Robert Howe died suddenly on December 14, 1786.

General Clinton's offer of pardon to the colonists of North Carolina was not a success and he abandoned the area to the Patriots in 1776. During the Southern Campaign of 1780 - 1781 though, North Carolina was the site of a civil war between Loyalists and Patriots, After General Charles
Cornwallis took Wilmington, North Carolina in April 1781, he marched his troops to Virginia, where he was finally defeated at Yorktown on October 19, 1781.

(K) (HST)

Henry Clinton British Lieutenant General
Robert Howe American Brigadier General
Cornelius Harnett American Patriot
George III King of Great Britain
Charles Cornwallis British General
William Tryon Royal Governor

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