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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 6/4/1784
6/8/2011 3:20:06 PM

Lieutenant Colonel George Washington builds Fort Necessity

During the "Seven Years War" a twenty-two year old Lieutenant Colonel in the Virginia militia named George Washington begins construction of a makeshift "Fort Necessity". The fort was built to defend his troops from French troops enraged by the murder of Ensign Joseph Coulton de Jumonville while in Lieutenant Colonel Washington's custody. One month later, the French led by Ensign Joseph Coulton de Jumonville's half-brother, won Lieutenant Colonel Washington's surrender and forced confession to Ensign Joseph Coulton de Junomville's murder.

The Ohio Valley had long been a contested territory among French Canadians, various Indian groups and the British colonies of Pennsylvania and Virginia. When the French began to establish fortifications along the Ohio River and refused Virginia's writeen demand that they depart, Virginia's Governor Robert Dinwiddie, dispatched Lieutenant Colonel Washington to complete and defend a Virginian fort at the forks of the Ohio River.

Upon their arrival, Lieutenant Colonel Washington discovered that a scouting party led by Ensign Joseph Coulton de Jumonville's brother was nearby. Fearing that the French were planning an attack, Washington struck first, successfully ambushing the small party. In one of history's murkier moments, Ensign Joseph Coulton de Juonville was murdered by Lieutenant Colonel Washington's Indian ally, Tanaghrisson, while the monolingual Lieutenant Colonel Washington struggled to interrogate the French-speaking Canadian.

Ensign Joseph Coulton de Jumonville's murder in captivity incited a strong French response, and Lieutenant Colonel Washington was unable to defend his makeshift "Fort Necessity" from French troops led by Ensign Joseph Coulton de Jumonville's half-brother. Lieutenant Colonel Washington surrendered on July 4, 1754 and signed a confession, in French, which he could not read, to Ensign Joseph Coulton de Jumonville's murder.

Benjamin Franklin had drafted his "Albany Plan for Union" earlier that spring, in in the hope that united colonies could better orchestrate their own defense and governance. Colonists voted down the proposal everywhere it was presented. After Lieutenant Colonel Washington displayed his incompetence on the Ohio River, the British decided it was time to save their colonists from themselves and dispatched two regiments of Redcoats under General Edward Braddock to America.

General Braddock too suffered a humiliating defeat at the forks of the Ohio River. It took the British and their colonists seven years of world war to redeem themselves. The "Seven Years War" would go on to strip the French of their American empire and test the bonds of the British empire in America.

(K) (HST)

George Washington American Lieutenant Colonel
American General
Presdient, USA
Joseph Coulton de Jumonville French Ensign
Robert Dinwiddie Royal Governor, Virginia
Tanaghrisson American Indian
Edward Braddock British General

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