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On This Day 12/23/1783
1/6/2011 6:56:51 PM

General George Washington resigns as Commander-in-Chief

Following the signing of the "Treaty of Paris",GeneralGeorgeWashingtonresigns as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and retires to his home at Mount Vernon, Virginia. General Washington address the assembled Congress:

"Happy in the confirmation of our independence
and sovereignty, and pleased with the opportunity
afforded the United States of becoming a
respectable nation, I resign with satisfaction
the appointment I accepted with diffidence; a
diffidence in my abilities to accomplish so
arduous a task; which however was superseded by
a confidence in the rectitude of our cause, the
support of the supreme power of the Union, and
the patronage of Heaven."

General Washington's willingness to return to civilian life was an essential element in the transformation of the "American Revolution" into a true revolution. During the war, Congress had granted General Washington powers equivalent to those of a dictator and he could have easily taken solitary control of the new nation.

Indeed, some political factions wanted General Washington to become the new nation's "King". General Washington's modesty in declining the offer and resigning his military post at the end of the "American Revolution" fortified the republican foundations of the new nation.

Although he asked nothing for himself, General Washington did enter a plea on behalf of his officers:

"While I repeat my obligations to the Army in
general, I should do injustice to my own
feelings not to acknowledge, in this place,
the peculiar services and distinguished merits
of the gentlemen who have been attached to my
person during the war. It was impossible the
choice of confidential officers to compose my
family should have been more fortunate. Permit
me, sir, to recommend in particular, those who
have continued in the service to the present
moment, as worthy of the favorable notice and
patronage of Congress."

The patronage General Washington requested seemed most pressing as the Army had narrowly survived several mutinies and a near-attempted coup the previous autumn. The veteran Officers who had helped to keep the Army intact desired western lands in thanks for their service.

Their claims would constitute a major issue for the new American government as it attempted to organize the settlement of what had been the colonial back country. With that, General Washington concluded:

"Having now finished the work assigned to me,
I retire from the great theatre of action,
and bidding an affectionate farewell to this
august body, under whose orders I have so
long acted, I here offer my commission, and
take any leave of all the employments of
public life."

General Washington's respite proved extremely brief. He was unanimously elected to the first two terms as President of the United States in 1788.

(K) (HST)

George Washington American Patriot
American General
President - USA

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