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On This Day 1/30/1781
1/21/2011 8:34:55 PM

Maryland finally ratifies the "Articles of Confederation"

Maryland becomes the thirteenth and final state to ratify the "Articles of Confederation", almost three years after the official deadline given by Congress of March 10, 1778.

TheContinental Congress drafted the "Articles of Confederation" in a disjointed process that began in 1776. The same issues that would later dog the Constitutional Convention of 1787 befuddled theCongress during the drafting.

Large states wanted votes to be proportional according to population, while small states wanted to continue with the status quo of one vote per state. Northern states wished to count the southern states slave population when determining the ratio for how much funding each state would provide for Congressional activities, foremostthe war.

States without western land claims wanted those with claims to yield them to Congress. In November 1777, Congress put the "Articles of Confederation" before the states for ratification. As written, the Articles made the first promise that:

"Each state retains its sovereignty"

Western claims remained in the hands of the individual states and states support to Congress was determined based only on their free population. Each state carried only one vote.

Virginia was the only state to ratify the "Articles of Confederation" by the 1778 deadline. Most states wished to place conditions on ratifications, which Congress refused to accept. Ten further states ratified during the summer of 1778, but small states with big neighbors and no land claims such as Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland, still refused.

Maryland held out the longest, only ratifying the "Articles of Confederation" after Virginia relinquished its claims on land north of the Ohio River to Congress. The "Articles of Confederation" finally took effect on March 1, 1781.

The problematic "Articles of Confederation" remained the law of the land for only eight years before the "Constitutional Convention" replaced them in favor a new, more centralized form of federal government.

They crafted the current United States Constitution", which took effect in 1789, giving the federal government greater authority over the states and creating a bicameral legislature.

(K) (HST)

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