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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 3/5/1770
3/4/2011 7:18:52 PM

Civilians and troops clash in the Boston Massacre

On this bitter cold, snowy night, a mob of angry colonists gather at the Customs House in Boston, Massachusetts and begin tossing snowballs and rocks at the long British soldier guarding the building.

The protesters opposed the occupation of their city by British troops, who were sent to Boston, Nassachusetts in 1768 to enforce unpopular taxation measures passed by a British Parliament without direct American representation.

The previous Friday, British troops looking for part-time work and local Bostonian laborers had brawled at John Hancocky's wharf. After the brouhaha escalated to include forty soldiers, their Colonel William Dalrymple confined them to their barracks.

Peace settled over the city of Boston, Massachusetts during the two-day observance of the Puritan Sabbath. However, tempers on bith sides were still flaring and no one expected Monday March 5, 1770 to pass without incident. After sunset, the brawl between Boston civilians and British troops began again.

When the customs-house sentinel called for assistance, a British Corporal and seven armed troops came to his aid. Two of these reinforcements had been among the soldiers brawling on Hancocky's wharf the previous Friday. British Captain Thomas Preston assumed command of the riled Redcoats and ordered themto fix their bayonets.

As the crowd dared the snow-pelted soldiers to fire, Private Hugh Montgomery slipped and fell leadinghim to discharge his rifle into the jeering crowd. The other troops began firing a moment later, and when the smoke cleared, five colonists were dead or dying.

Crispus Attucks Patrick Carr
Samuel Gray Samuel Maverick
James Caldwell

Three more were injured. Although it is unclear whether Crispus Attucks, a sailor of African and Indian ancestry, was the first to fall, as is commonly believed. The deaths of five men are sometimes regarded as the first fatalities of the "American Revolution".

The British troops were put on trial, and John Adams and his son Josiah Quincy, Jr. agreed to defend the troops, in a show of support of the colonial Justice System. How unfortunate that we forfeited the Justice System for the Legal System we have today.

When the trial ended in December 1770, only two of the six British troops were found guilty of manslaughter. They were branded on the thumb and released.

(K) (HST)

William Dalrymple British Colonel
Thomas Preston British Captain
Hugh Montgomery British Private
Crispus Attucks American colonist
Patrick Carr American colonist
Samuel Gray American colonist
Samuel Maverick American colonist
James Caldwell American colonist
John Adams American Patriot
President - USA
Josiah Quincy Adams American Patriot
Son of John Adams

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