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On This Day 3/9/1781
3/8/2011 6:41:09 PM

Spanish siege of Pensacola begins

After successfully capturing British positions in Louisiana and Mississippi, Spanish General Bernardo de Galvez, commander of the Spanish troops in North America, turns his attention to the British-occupied city of Pensacola, Florida. General Galvez and a Spanish Naval force of more than forty ships and three thousand five hundred men landed at Santa Rosa Island and begin a two-month siege of British occupying troops that becomes known as the "Battle of Pensacola".

General Galvez's flotilla survived a hurricane in harbor before initiating two months of constand artillery and cannon bombardment of the British Forts. By April 23, 1781 reinfircements had arrived, increasing General Galvez's total troops to seven thousand eight hundred and on the morning of May 8, 1781 the eighteen year British occupation of Pensacola, Florida ended with a British surrender.

The British lost one hundred five men, the Spanish lost seventy-eight. An additional one hundred ninety-eight Spaniards were wounded. Spain took one thousand one hundred thirteen prisoners and sent three hundred British troops to Georgia on the promise that they would not re-enter the British military.

Spain never officially signed an alliance with the American revolutionaries, as King Charles III was hesitant about the precedures he might be starting by encouraging the population of another empire to overthrow their monarch.

However, Spain also wanted to regain Gibraltar in the Mediterranean and solidify control of its North American holdings, so it allied itself to France in the international war against Great Britain. As a result, Spain regained West Florida during the fighting and East Florida, which it enchanged for the Bahamas, in the final peace.

Though Gibraltar remained in Great Britain's control, Spain held all the land surrounding the Gulf of Mexico.

(K) (HST)

Bernardo de Galvez Spanish General
Charles III King of Great Britain

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