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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 3/10/1792
3/8/2011 6:54:48 PM

The Right Honourable John Stuart, Third Earl of Bute dies

The Honourable John Stewart, Third Earl of Bute and advisor to the British King George III dies in London. Although most Americans have never heard his name, Lord Bute played a significant role in the politics of the Great Britain empire that spawned the American Revolution.

A wealthy Scottish noble, educated at the prestigious Eton College and University of Leiden, Lord Bute became Prince George's tutor in 1755. He also befriended George III' mother,Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the dowager Princess of Wales.

This relationship, although never proven to be sexual, resulted in a tremendous scandal when it was written about by radical English pamphleteer John Wilkes. He abhorred Lord Bute and named his newspaper "North Briton", a synonym for Scot, as a direct reference, and insult, to Lord Bute's Scottish origins.

Prince George became King George III in 1760, while Great Britain was in the midst of the "Seven Years War" with France. King George III, along with Lord Bute, who was now his advisor, worried that the tremendous expense of the war in North America and around the world would drive Great Britain to bankruptcy.

William Pitt, whose military strategy and political finesse had transformed the American branch of the war, known as the French and Indian War, from disaster to triumph, argued for a preemptive strike against Spain in 1761 to prevent them from aligning with France.

King George III, with Lord Bute's guidance, no only rejected William Pitt's idea, but forced him to resign. In January 1762, Spain joined the war on the side of France, as William Pitt predicted. Despite a resounding victory in North America, King George III followed Lord Bute's advice to end the war on other fronts as quickly as possible, returning substantial portions of land.

They might even have returned Canada, if the French had asked for it. Lambasted by the British press for his poor decision-making, most famously in John Wilkes Forty-Fifth Edition of the "North Briton", Lord Bute finally lost King George III's trust and resigned upon the signing of the "Treaty of Paris" in February 1763.

The squabbling between Lord Bute, William Pitt, and John Wilkes had a lasting impact on Anglo-American politics. In 1763, the new first Lord of the Treasury, or Prime Minister, George Greenville, attempted to prosecute John Wilkes for questioning King George III's integrity in the Forty-Fifty Edition of the "North Briton".

Meanwhile, Prime Minister Greenville began a program of taxation in the American colonies to help refill Great Britain's coffers, drained by the expenses of the "Seven Years War". John Wilkes arrest and eventual banishment to France made him a martyr for liberty in the eyes of many.

Britons at home as well as those of the American colonists as they were strained under the taxes and other costly measures imposed by Prime Minister Greenville's ministry.

(K) (HST)

George III King of Great Britain
John Wilkes English pamphleteer
William Pitt British military advisor
George Greenville British Prime Minister

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