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On This Day 3/16/1751
3/9/2011 7:03:31 PM

"Father of the Constitution" is born

James Madison, drafter of the "United States Constitution", recorder of the Continental Convention, author of the "Federalist Papers", and fourth President of the United States is born on a plantation in Virginia.

James Madison first distinguished himself as a student at the College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University. He successfully completed a four-year course of study in two years and, in 1769 helped found the American Whig Society, the second literary and debate society at Princeton, and the world, to rival the previously established Cliosophic Society.

James Madison returned to Virginia with intellectual accolades but poor health in 1771. By 1776, he was sufficiently recovered to serve for three years in the legislature of the new State of Virginia, where he came to know and admire Thomas Jefferson.

In this capacity, James Madison assistedwith the drafting of the "Virginia Declaration of Religious Freedom" and the critical decision for Virginia to cede its western clais to the Continental Congress. James Madison is best remembered for his critical role in the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where he presented the Virginia Plan to the assembled delegates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and oversaw the difficult process of negotiation and compromise that led to the drafting of the final Constitution.

James Madison's published "Notes on the Convention" are considered the most detailed and accurate account of what occurred in the closed-session debates. James Madison forbade the publishing of his notes until all the participants were deceased.

After the Constitution was submitted to the people for ratification, James Madison collaborated with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton on "The Federalist Papers", a series of pamphlets that argued for the acceptance of the new government.

James Madison penned the most famous of the pamphlets, "Federalist No.10", which made an incisive argument for the ability of a large federation to preserve individual rights.

In 1794, James Madison married a young widow Dolley Payne Todd,who would prove to be Washington D.C.'s finest hostess during James Madison's years as Secretary of State to the widowed Thomas Jefferson and then as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

Dolley Madison earned a special place in the nation's memory for giving a portrait of President George Washington before fleeing the burning White House during the "War of 1812".

The "War of 1812" testedPresident James Madison's presidency. The Federalists staunchly opposed President Madison's declaration of war against the British and threatened to secede from the union during the Hartford Connecticut Convention.

When the new nation managed to muster a tenuous victory, the Federalist Party was destroyed as America's status as a nation apart from Great Britain was secured.

After retiring from official political positions, James Madison served Thomas Jefferson's beloved University of Virginia first as a member of the Board of Visitors and then as Rector. In 1938, the StateTeachers College at Harrisonburg, Virginia was renamed in James Madison's honor as Madison College. In 1976, it became James Madison University.

(K) (HST)

James Madison American Patriot
President - USA
Thomas Jefferson American Patriot
President - USA
John Jay American Patriot
Alexander Hamilton American Patriot
American Captain
Dolley Payne Todd Wife of James Madison
George Washington American Patriot
American General
President - USA

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