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On This Day 5/3/1775
5/25/2011 4:52:20 PM

Dartmouth tells Royal Governor Josiah Martin to organize North Carolina Loyalists

William Legge, Second Earl of Dartmouth, and Secretary of State for the American colonies for British King George III, instructs colonial Royal Governor Josiah Martin to organize an association of Loyalists and raise Militias. Exactly one year later,British Commodore Hyde Parker and General Charles Cornwallis were to arrive in North Carolina with twenty transport ships.

Royal Governor Martin directed Loyalists efforts from his ship "HMS Cruiser" anchored in the Cape Fear River following a Patriot attack on his home in April 1775. When the residents of Mecklenburg County effectively declared their independence from the crown later in May, Royal Governor Martin sent a copy of their resolves to Great Britain, requested military supplies from British General Thomas Gage in Boston, Massachusetts and plotted to arm the slaves of North Carolina to help put down any Patriot uprising.

Word of Royal Governor Martin's intent to incite a slave rebellion mobilized a successful Patriot attack against Royal Governor Martin's headquarters at Fort Johnston on Cape Fear. Following the July 20, 1775 attack, Royal Governor Martin moved the "HMS Cruiser" off the coast of North Carolina, where he continued to arm the Loyalists with British supplies.

On February 27, 1776 the American Patriots managed to defeat the Loyalists at Moores Creek Bridge before the Anglophiles reached the coast to await their scheduled rendezvous with General Cornwallis. With the Loyalists routed. General Cornwallis decided not to land his men and aborted his intended Southern Campaign.

Instead, he traveled north to join the successful British "Battle of Long Island" in August 1776. The Second Earl of Dartmouth could not sustain the British empire in North America, but he did lend his name to one of its oldest and most highly regarded institutions of higher learning. Dartmouth College founded in Hanover, New Hampshire in 1769.

(K) (HST)

Josiah Martin Second Earl of Dartmouth
Royal Governor North Carolina
George III King of Great Britain
Hyde Parker British Commodore
Charles Cornwallis British General
Thomas Gage British General

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