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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 5/25/1787
6/3/2011 7:42:47 PM

Constitutional Convention convenes in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

With George Washington presiding, the Constitutional Convention formally convenes. The Constitutional Convention faced a daunting task, the peaceful overthrow of the new American government as it had been defined by the "Articles of Confederation".

The process began with the proposal of James Madison's "Virginia Plan". James Madison had dedicated the winter of 1787 to the study of confederacies throughout history and arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with a wealth of knowledge and an idea for a new American government.

Virginia's Governor, Edmund Randolph presented James Madison's plan to the Constitutional Conventon. It featured a bicameral legislature, with representation in both houses apportioned to states based upon population. This was seen immediately as giving more power to large states, like Virginia.

The two houses would in turn elect the Executive and the Judiciary and would possess veto power over the state legislatures. James Madison's conception strongly resembled Great Britain's Parliament. It omitted any discussion of taxation or regulation of trade, however, these items had been set aside in favor of outlining a new form of government altogether.

William Patterson soon countered with a plan more attractive to the new nation's smaller states. It too bore the imprint of America's British experience. Under the "New Jersey Plan", as it became known, each state would have a single vote in Congress as it had under the "Articles of Confederation", to even out power between large and small states.

But, the "New Jersey Plan" also gave Congress new powers.

** The collection of import duties
** A stamp tax
** The regulation of trade
** The enforcement of requisitions upon states
with Military force

Alexander Hamilton then put forward to the delegates a third plan, a perfect copy of the British Constitution including an upper house, and legislature that would serve "on good behavior".

Confronted by three counter-revolutionary options, the representatives of Connecticut finally came up with a workable compromise:

"a government with an upper house made up
of equal numbers of delegates from each
state and a lower house with proportional
representation based upon population"

This idea formed the basis of the new United States Constitution, which became the law of the land in 1789.

(K) (HST)

George Washington American Patriot
American General
President, USA
James Madison American Patriot
President, USA
Edmund Randolph Governor, Virginia
William Patterson American Patriot
Alexander Hamilton American Patriot

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