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On This Day 6/28/1836
6/27/2011 5:47:53 PM

President James Madison dies

President James Madison, drafter of the Constitution, recorderof the Constitutional Convention, author of the "Federalist Papers" and fourth President of the United States dies on his tobacco plantation in Virginia. President James Madison first distinguished himself as a student at the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, where he successfully completed a four-year course of study in two years and in 1769, helped found the American Whig Society, the second literary and debate society at Princeton University, and the world, to rival the previously established Cliosophic Society.

President James Madison returned to Virginia with intellectual accolades but poor health in 1771. By 1776 President James Madison was sufficiently recovered to serve for three years in the legislature of the new state of Virginia, where he came to know and admire Thomas Jefferson. In this capacity, he assisted with the drafting of the "Virginia Declaration of Religious Freedom" and the critical decision for Virginia to cede its western claims to the Continental Congress.

President James Madison is best remembered for his critical role in the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where he presented the "Virginia Plan" to the assmebled delegates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and oversaw the difficult process of negotiation and compromise that led to the drafting of the final Constitution. James Madison's published :

"Notes on the Convention"

are considered the most detailed and accurate account of what occurred in the closed-session debates. President James Madison forbade the publishing of his notes until all the participants were deceased. After the Constitution was submitted to the people for ratification, President James Madison collaborated with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton on "The Federalist Papers", a series of pamphlets that argued for the acceptance of the new government. President James Madison penned the most famous of the pamphlets:

"Federalist No. 10"

which made an incisive argument for the ability of a large federation to preserve individual rights. In 1794, James Madison married a young widow, Dolley Payne Todd, who would prove to be Washington D.C.'s finest hostess during President James Madison's years as Secretary of State to the widowed Thomas Jefferson and then as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 - 1817.

Dolley Payne Todd Madison earned a special place in the nation's memory for saving a portrait of President George Washington before fleeing the burning White House during the "War of 1812". The "War of 1812" tested President James Madison. The Federalists staunchly opposed President Madison's "Declaration of War" against the British and threatened to secede from the Union during the Hartford Convention.

When the new nation managed to muster a tenuous victory, the Federalist Party was destroyed as America's status as a nation apart from Great Britain was secured. After retiring from official political positions, James Madison served Thomas Jefferson's beloved University of Virginia first as a member of the Board of Visitors and then as Rector.

In 1938, the State Teachers sCollege at Harrisonburg, Virginia, was renamed in President James Madison's honor as "Madison College. In 1976 it became "James Madison University."

(K) (HST)

James Madison President, USA
Thomas Jefferson President, USA
John Jay American Patriot
Alexander Hamilton American Patriot
Dolley Payne Todd Madison Wife of James Madison
George Washington President, USA

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