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On This Day 6/30/1775
6/27/2011 6:59:38 PM

Congress impugns Parliament and adopts "Articles of War"

The Continental Congress drafts its rationale for taking up arms against Great Britain in the "Articles of War." In the "Articles of War", written one year before the adoption of the "Declaration of Independence", Congress referred to:

"his Majesty's most faithful subjects in these
Colonies"

and laid the blame for colonial discontent not on Kign George III, but on:

"attempts of the British Ministry, to carry
into execution, by force of arms, several
unconstitutional and oppressive acts of
the British parliaments for laying taxes
in America."

By phrasing their discontent this way, Congress attempted to notify King George III that American colonists were unhappy with parliamentary piolicy. By July, 1776, the "Declaration of Independence" proclaimed something very different.

"The history of the present King of Great
Britain is a history of repeated injuries
and usurpations, all having in direct
object the establishment of an absolute
Tyranny over these States."

Congress' language is critical to understanding the seismic shift that had occurred in American thought in just twelve months. Indeed, Congress insisted that Thomas Jefferson remove any language from the declaration that implicated the people of Great Britain or their elected representatives in Parliament.

The fundamental grounds upon which Americans were taking up arms had shifted. The militia that had fired upon Redcoats at Lexington and Concord had been angry with Parliament, not the King, who they still trusted to desire only good for all of his subjects around the globe.

This belief changed after King George III refused to so much as receive the so-called Olive Branch Petition, sent to him by Congress in July 1775, in a final attempt to make him aware of the colonists grievances. Patriots had hoped that Parliament had curtailed colonial rights without King George III's full knowledge, and that the petition would cause him to come to his subjects defense.

When George III refused to read the petition, Patriots realized that Parliament was acting with royal knowledge and support. King George III became the central focus of the American patriotic rage when English-born radical Thomas Paine published his blistering attack on the monarchy, "Common Sense", in January 1776.

(K) (HST)

George III King of Great Britain
Thomas Jefferson American Patriot
President, USA

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