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On This Day 7/5/1775
7/1/2011 3:54:43 PM

Congress adopts "Olive Branch Petition"

The Continental Congress adopts the "Olive Branch Petition" written by John Dickinson, which appeals directly to King George III and expresses hope for reconcilliation between the American colonies and Great Britain. John Dickinson, who hoped desperately to avoid a final break with Great Britain, phrased colonial opposition to British policy as follows:

"Your Majesty's Ministers, preserving in their
measures, and proceeding to open hostilities
for enforcing them, have compelled us to arm
in our own defence, and have engaged us in a
controversy so peculiarly abhorrent to the
affections of your still faithful Colonists,
that when we consider whom we must oppose in
this contest, and if it continues, what may
be the consequences, our own particular
misfortunes are accounted by us only as parts
of our distress".

By phrasing their discontent this way, Congress attempted to notify King George III that American colonists were unhappy with ministerial policy, not his own. They concluded their plea with a final statement of fidelity to the British Crown.

"That your Majesty may enjoy long and prosperous
reign, and that your descendants may govern
your Dominions with honour to themselves and
happiness to their subjects, is our sincere
prayer".

By July 1776 the "Declaration of Independence" proclaimed something very different.

"The history of the present King of Great
Britain is a history of repeated injuries
and usurpations, all having in direct object
the establishment of an absolute Tyranny
over these States".

Congress' language is critical to understanding the seismic shift that had occurred in American thought in just twelve months. Indeed, Congress insisted that Thomas Jefferson remove any language from the "Declaration of Independence" that implicated the people of Great Britain or their elected representatives in Parliament.

The fundamental grounds upon which Americans were taking up arms had shifted. The militia that had fired upon Redcoats at the "Battle of Lexington" and the "Battle of Concord" in Massachusetts had been angry with Parliament, not King George III, who they still trusted to desire only good for all his subjects around the globe.

This belief changed after King George III refused to so much as receive the Olive Branch Petition. Patriots had hoped that Parliament had curtailed colonial rights without King George III's full knowledge, and that the petition would cause him to come to his subjects defense.

When King George III refused to read the petition, American Patriots realized that Parliament was acting with royal knowledge and support. American patriotic rage was intensified by the January 1776 publication by English-born radical Thomas Paine of "Common Sense", an influential pamphlet that attacked the monarchy, which Thomas Paine claimed had allowed "crowned ruffians to impoverish the nation and set it together by the ears.

(K) (HST)

John Dickinson American Patriot
Author: Olive Branch Petition
George III King of Great Britain
Thomas Jefferson American Patriot
President, USA
Thomas Paine American Patriot
Author: Common Sense

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