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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 7/25/1780
7/28/2011 6:18:07 PM

General Horatio Gates takes command of the Southern Army

American General Horatio Gates takes command of the Southern Army from Major General Johann DeKalb at Coxe's Mill, North Carolina. When General Gates took command, the American Patriots numbered about one thousand two hundred Regulars, who were severely debilitated by hunger and in need of equipment, as well as a large group of militia, whose exact number is unknown.

Major General DeKalb, a German born soldier who had served in both the French Army and the German Army before volunteering his services to the Patriots, remained with the troops as part of General Gate's headquarters staff. Congress hoped that General Gates would be able to revitalize the Southern Department after its devastating loss of Charleston, South Carolina, to the British and the capture of Major General Benjamin Lincoln in May.

General Gates was well-respected within the Continental Army. Only General Gates and General Charles Lee had experience in the regular British Army. Some even persisted in the belief that General Gates would make a better Commander-in-Chief than the inexperienced General George Washington.

General Gates' reputation however, was destroyed by his experience in the South. With nine hundred Continentals from Maryland and Delaware and two thousand militia from Virginia and North Carolina. General Gates led his troops into battle with British General Charles Cornwallis at Camden, South Carolina, on August 16, 1780.

The ensuing defeat effectively ended General Gates career. General Gates troops ate under-baked bread and spent the night before the engagement suffering from diarrhea. To make matters worse, the militia had no bayonets. The sick and ill-armed militiamen took to panic-stricken flight when confronted by the first British charge.

The Continentals stayed to fight, but to no avail. General Gates final action as a Commander-in-Chief was to ride two hundred forty miles in order to report "Total Defeat" in a letter to Congress sent from Hillsborough, North Carolina. General Gates would never again take the field as a military commander.

(K) (HST)

Horatio Gates American Patriot
American General
Johann DeKalb American Patriot
American Major General
Benjamin Lincoln American Patriot
American Major General
Charles Lee American Patriot
American General
George Washington American Patriot
American General
President, USA
Charles Cornwallis British General

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