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On This Day 7/26/1775
7/28/2011 6:44:34 PM

Continental Congress establishes United States Post Office

The Continental Congress established the United States Post Office and names Benjamin Franklin the first United States Postmaster General. William Goddard, a Patriot printer frustrated that the Royal Postal Service was unable to reliably deliver his "Pennsylvania Chronicle" to its readers or deliver critical news for the paper to William Goddard, laid out a plan for a "Constitutional Post" before the Continental Congress on October 5, 1774.

The Continental Congress waited to act on the plan until after the "Battle of Lexington" and the "Battle of Concord" on April 19, 1775. Benjamin Franklin promoted William Goddard's plan and served as the first Postmaster General" under the Continental Congress beginning on July 26, 1775, nearly one year before the Congress declared independence from the British Crown.

Benjamin Franklin's son-in-law took over the position on November 7, 1776, when Benjamin Franklin became an American emissary to France. Benjamim Franklin had already made a significant contribution to the postal service in the Colonies while serving as the Postmaster of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1737 and as Joint Postmaster General of the Colonies from 1753 to 1774, when he was fired for opening and publishing Massachusetts Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson's correspondence.

While Postmaster, Benjamin Franklin streamlined postal delivery with properly surveyed and marked routes from Maine to Florida (the origin of Route 1), instituted overnight postal travel between the critical cities of New York City, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and created a standardized rate chart based upon weight and distance.

Samuel Osgood held the Postmaster General's position in New York City, New York from 1789, when the United States Constitution came into effect, until the government moved to Philadelphia in 1791. Timothy Pickering took over and, about a year later, the Postal Service Act gave his post greater ligislative legitimacy and the service more effective organization.

Timothy Pickering continued in the position until 1795, when he briefly served as Secretary of War, before becoming the third United States Secretary of State. The Postmaster General's position was considered a plum patronage post for political allies of the President until the Postal Service was transformed into a corporation run by a Board of Governors in 1971.

(K) (HST)

Benjamin Franklin American Patriot
William Goddard American Patriot Printer
Thomas Hutchinson Royal Governor, Massachusetts
Samuel Osgood Postmaster General, NY
Timothy Pickering Postmaster General
Secretary of War
Secretary of State

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