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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 8/1/1774
8/15/2011 1:50:18 PM

Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen

Dissenting Britisn Minister Joseph Priestley, author of "Observation on Civil Liberty and the Nature and Justice of the War with America" discovers oxygen while serving as a tutor to the sons of American sympathizer William Petty, second Earl of Shelbourne at Bowood House in Wiltshire, England.

Minister Priestley shared the religious and political philosophy of many of the American Revolutionary leaders, including Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, all of whom became his friends and correspondents. Minister Priestley first met Benjamin Franklin while both were living in London, Great Britain during the 1760s.

Both were Renaissance men with established reputations as scientists and political philosophers and they embarked on an enduring friendship. In 1774, Benjamin Franklin and Minister Priestley attended the first Unitarian sermon given at the first Unitarian Church founded in Great Britain.

Unitarianism evolved out of a dissenting Christian tradition that denied the concept of the Trinity and the Divinity of Christ. Unitarians instead believed that God was one being and that Christ was a human spokesman of God's truth.

Minister Priestley had been born into a dissenting non-Anglican Protestant family and gradually found his way to Unitarianism by the early 1760s. Benjamin Franklin's views were very similar and sympathetic to Unitarians, but he never joined a Unitarian congregation.

Although still living in Great Britain, Minister Priestley endorsed both the American Revolution and French Revolution, authoring pamphlets in support of each. On the second anniversary of Bastille Day, a mob in Birmingham, Great Britain burned Minister Priestley's home, including his first-class scientific laboratory and the Unitarian Church where he preached.

As a result of the attack, Minister Priestley decided that he could no longer live in Great Britain and immigrated to the United States in 1794. Minister Priestley settled in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, where he lived until his death in 1804. While there, Minister Priestley established the first Unitarian Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where then-Vice President John Adams attended his sermons.

(K) (HST)

Joseph Priestley British Minister, author
William Petty Earl of Shelbourne
American sympathizer
Benjamin Franklin American Patriot
John Adams American Patriot
President, USA
Thomas Jefferson American Patriot
President, USA

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