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On This Day 8/3/1797
8/15/2011 2:56:28 PM

Lord Jeffrey Amherst dies

Lord Jeffrey Amherst, who twice refused the position of Commander of the British troops against the rebelling American Patriots dies at his estate, called Montreal in England.

Lord Amherst is remembered foremost for victory against the French in the "Seven Years War" culminating in the surrender of Montreal, after which Lord Amherst named his estate, and Canada by the French to the British in 1760. This triumph was matched in magnitude by the notoriety Lord Amherst gained through his mishandling of Indian affairs following the war.

Lord Amherst ignored British Superintendent of Indian Affairs Sir William Johnson's advice to continue the tradition of gift exchange with British-allied Indians following the surrender of Canada. Lord Amherst believed in the efficacy of punishment for poor behavior instead of rewards for good behavior.

Thus, he curtailed gift-giving and would eventually become the first military strategist to knowingly engage in biological warfare. Most infamous was Lord Amherst's use of smallpox-infected blankets to spread the deadly disease among Native Americans.

Western Indians had begun a series of frontier attacks known as "Pontiac's Rebellion" in the spring of 1763. After this pan-native uprising enjoyed some success, Lord Amherst suggested to Colonel Henry Bouquet that the British might expose the rebelling Native Americans to smallpox.

Colonel Bouquet suggested infected blankets as an effective means of achieving Lord Amherst's goal, a supposition that proved correct when a smallpox epidemic engulfed Ohio Valley natives a few months later. Although exact numbers are difficult to ascertain, typically three-quarters of the Native population died in the outbreaks.

Although Lord Amherst became the Royal Governor of Virginia in 1759 as a reward for his military success, he never served in the role, returning to Great Britain in November 1763. Lord Amherst was later asked twice to return to North America to lead Great Britain's efforts to put down the American Patriot rebellion, but he declined, first in 1775 and again in 1778.

(K) (HST)

Lord Jeffrey Amherst British Lord
American sympathizer
Sir William Johnson British Superintendent
of Indian Affairs
Henry Bouquet British Colonel

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