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On This Day 8/4/1792
8/15/2011 3:24:08 PM

British General John Burgoyne dies

The British playwright and General, John Burgoyne, dies in Great Britain. General Burgoyne's humiliating surrender to Patriot troops at the "Battle of Saratoga" on October 17, 1777, left a black mark on his military career, but his successful play "The Heiress" released in 1786, secured his literary reputation.

General Burgoyne was born in London, Great Britain and educated at the prestigious Westminster School before entering the British Army as a teenager. After eloping with Charlotte Stanley, the daughter of Edward Stanley, the Eleventh Earl of Derby, General Burgoyne had to sell his commission to cover his debts before fleeing to France in shame.

The "Seven Years War" proved a boon to General Burgoyne, whose father-in-law Edward Stanley, helped him return to the British Army. At the close of the "Seven Years War", General Burgoyne served in Parliament and began his writing career. In 1775, his first dramatic play, "The Maid of the Oaks" went into production.

In 1777, Major General Burgoyne took command of Great Britain's efforts to invade the rebelling former colonies from Canada. The expedition began with Major General Burgoyne leading three thousand three hundred British Redcoats, three thousand nine hundred Hessian Mercenaries, and six hundred fifty Canadians, Loyalists, and Native Americans to victory at Fort Ticonderoga in Lake George, New York on July 5, 1777, which earned him a promotion to Lieutenant General.

However, as Lieutenant General Burgoyne extended his supply lines ever further south, he found himself trapped at the "Battle of Saratoga" after General William Howe decided to take Philadelphia, Pennsylvania instead of meeting Lieutenant General Burgoyne at Albany, New York as planned.

Following the American Patriot victories on September 19,1777 at Freemen's Farm and October 7, 1777 at Bemis Heights, Lieutenant General Burgoyne's troops were surrounded by American Patriots under American General Horatio Gates and forced to surrender on October 17, 1777.

Lieutenant General Burgoyne successfully negotiated that his surviving troops would be returned to Great Britain with a pledge that they would never again serve in North America. The nearly six thousand man Army was kept in captivity at great expense to the Continental Congress until the end of the American Revolution. The striking Patriot victory over Lieutenant General Burgoyne is commonly thought to be the turning point in the American Revolution in the American Patriots favor.

(K) (HST)

John Burgoyne British General
Charlotte Stanley Wife of John Burgoyne
Daughter of Edward Stanley
Edward Stanley Eleventh Earl of Derby
Father of Charlotte
William Howe British General
Horatio Gates American Patriot General

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