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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 8/9/1776
8/17/2011 12:58:15 PM

Guy Johnson predicts Indian allegiances

On Staten Island, New York, Guy Johnson, British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, returns from Great Britain and shares his confidence that the Iroquois tribe will chose to ally with the British Crown. Guy Johnson reassured the British Secretary of State for the American Colonies Lord George Germain that the Iroquois Six Nations would cooperate with the Royal troops as soon as General William Howe and General John Burgoyne initiated the "grand operation" to quell the American rebellion.

The American Patriots, Guy Johnson felt, could depend only on those Native Americans who came under the influence of New England missionaries, which was a small fraction of the total number of American Natives in the northern provinces. Guy Johnson was correct in his assessment, The Iroquois attempted to maintain their neutrality at the beginning of the conflict, but by 1777 Chief Joseph Brant, also known as Thayendanegea, a formerly educated Native American Mohawk and Freemason, led the Iroquois into an alliance with Great Britain.

Most Native Americans saw Great Britain as their last defense against the land-hungry European settlers who were encroaching into their ancestral territory. Racist settlers managed to undermine any goodwill toward them remaining in the Native American population during the "American Revolution" by committing atrocities such as the massacre of neutral, Christian Native American women and children at prayer in Gnaddenhutten, Ohio in 1778.

In another example, a Continental Officer undermined his own cause with the murder of Cornplanter, a Shawnee leader and American Patriot ally in 1777. At the close of the "American Revolution", the American Patriots few Indian allies received worse treatment at the hands of their supposed friends than Native Americans who had sided with Great Britain.

Having promised Continental troops land in return for their service, Congress seized land from its Native American allies in order to cede it to Officers on the verge of mutiny in 1783.

(K) (HST)

Guy Johnson British Superintendent of
Indian Affairs
Gorge Germain British Lord, British Secretary
of State
William Howe British General
John Burgoyne British General
Joseph Brant Native American Mohawk Chief
(Thayendanegea)
Cornplanter Leader of the Shawnee tribe

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