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Karen Palumbo

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On This Day 8/29/1779
8/31/2011 5:49:48 PM

The "Battle of Chemung" or Newtown, New York

At what is modern-day Elmira, New York, near the state's southwestern border with Pennsylvania, Continental troops led by Major General John Sullivan and Brigadier General James Clinton defeat a combined force of Loyalists an Indians commanded by Captain Walter Butler and Chief Joseph Brant.

The Continental Comander-in-Chief, General George Washington, gave General Sullivan orders to attack the Iroquois of the Finger Lakes region, who were allied with the British, in what is known as the "Sullivan Expedition."

General Washington had first requested General Horatio Gates to challenge the Iroquois, but General Gates refused. General Washington then turned to General Sullivan, who accepted the challenge. General Sullivan traveled up the Susquehanna River from Easton, Pennsylvania, to the Chemung, or Big Horn, Basin, named for a mammouth tusk found in the Chemung River by Native Americans.

The river provided both a means of transport and sustenance for the Iropuois of the surrounding region. The Continentals discovered a breastwork of eighty rods erected by the combined Iroquois-Loyalist force that hoped to ambush the American Patriots as they marched north towards Lake Erie and the British forts at Oswego and Niagara.

The American Patriots then managed to use their artillery to drive off the Indians. General Sullivan subsequently embarked on a scorched-earth campaign against the Iroquois in retaliation for their continued raids against frontier settlements. At least forty of the tribe's villages were destroyed, along with valuable supplies.

As a result, the winter of 1779 was particularly brutal for the Iroquois. Nonetheless, they managed to increase their pressure on frontier settlements in 1780. Despite the best efforts of the Iroquois, the Chemung Valley fell into the hands of the American settlers following the war. As a result, Iroquois attached to Chief Joseph Brant followed him in a resettlement to Canada. The "Battle of Chemung" is re-enacted annually at Newtown Battlefield State Park in Elmira, New York.

(K) (HST)

John Sullivan American Patriot
American General
James Clinton American Patriot
American Brigadier General
Walter Butler British Captain
Joseph Brant Tribe Chief
George Washington American Patriot
American General
Horatio Gates American Patriot
American General

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