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On This Day 1/5/1861
1/11/2011 7:20:11 PM

"Star of the West" leaves for Fort Sumter

The "Star of the West", a Union merchant vessel, leaves New York with supplies and two hundred fifty troops to relieve the beleguered Fort Sumter at Charleston, South Carolina.

This incident came during the sensitive days following the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860. The primary cause for secession was the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency the month before, but it was President James Buchanan, a Democrat, who had to deal with the first crisis after South Carolina's departure.

Inside of Fort Sumter were Major Robert Anderson and eighty Federal troops who were surrounded by hostile South Carolinians, who were demanding evacuation by the Union troops.

Major Anderson informed officials in Washington that he needed supplies within a few weeks. President Buchanan was reluctant to make any provocative moves but felt that some attempt to save Fort Sumter should be made.

The "Star of the West" was chosen because a civilian vessel was less likely to agitate South Carolinians. It left New York on January 5, 1861, but it did not complete its mission.

Arriving on January 9, 1861, the "Star of the West" encountered an alert South Carolia militia. Word of the mission had leaked to everyone it seemed, except Major Anderson.

Major Anderson had received no notification of the mission and was surprised when cannon from the shore opened fire on the approaching vessel. One shot hit the "Star of the West" and the ship turned around before taking any more damage.

Major Anderson withheld his fire on the hostile shore batteries, and the standoff in Charleston Harbor continued until April. Then, the South Carolinians opened the massive bombardment that started the "War Between the States".

(K) (HST)

Abraham Lincoln President - USA
James Buchanan President - USA
Robert Anderson Union Major

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