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On This Day 8/26/1776
8/25/2011 6:43:11 PM

General George Washington urges Hessians to desert

Falsely confident that the British would not attack New York's Manhattan Island, General George Washington pours additional reinforcements into the lines around Brooklyn Heights, New York, then considered part of rural Long Island. General Washington also ordered the dispersal of certain documents among the Hessians, about which he wrote:

"The papers designed for the foreign
Hessians Troops, have been put into
several Channels, in order that they
may be conveyed to them, and from the
information I had yesterday, I have
reason to believe many have fallen
into their Hands."

The "papers" induced Hessian troops to desert the British Army. General Washington had first contemplated how to woo Hessian mercenaries away from their British employers to the Patriot troops the previous May. At that time, he recommended raising companies of GermanAmericans to use against the German mercenaries anticipated to fight for Great Britain.

General Washington hoped that fighting against Americans from the same region would engender "a spirit of disatisfaction and desertion" among Britain's paid troops. General Washington surmised that:

"If a few trusty, sensible fellows could
get with them, I should think they would
have great weight and influence with the
common Soldiery, who certainly have no
enmity towards us, having received no
Injury, nor cause of quarrel from us."

Though General Washington was correct in realizing that many so-called English colonists were actively German immigrants, he was apparently unaware that most Germans living in the American colonies sposke souther German dialect, and they might well be derided by the British mercenaries, Hessians from the central German territory of Hess, if they could understand one another at all.

One third of Pennsylvania's population was German speaking. Significant German-speaking populations also lived in the Shenandoah Valley of western Virginia and the Carolinas, as well as the Mohawk Valley of New York, the Raritan Valley of New Jersey and areas near Savannah, Georgia. However, the vast majority of these German speakers originated from the Rhineland-Palatinate, Swabia and Salzburg.

Although fellow members of the Holy Roman Empire and possibly readers of Hock-Deutsch, the German used by Luther in his translation of the Bible, their spoken language would have been extremely difficult for Germans from other regions to understand. In addition, many German Americans remained neutral during the revolution, unwilling to oppose the empore that had offered them the opportunity to enjoy better and freer lives in its colonies than they had at home.

(K) (HST)

George Washington American Patriot
American General
President, USA

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